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Sports position played in defence force of one's own correct

This commodity is about the general position in many team sports. For specific and other uses, meet Goalkeeper (disambiguation).

In many team sports which involve scoring goals, the goalkeeper (sometimes termed goaltender, netminder, goalie or keeper) is a designated player charged with directly preventing the opposing squad from scoring past blocking or intercepting opposing shots on goal. Such positions exist in bandy, rink swap, camogie, clan football, Gaelic football game, international rules football, floorball, handball, hurling, field hockey, ice hockey, roller hockey, lacrosse, ringette, rinkball, water polo, and shinty as well every bit in other sports.

In most sports which involve scoring in a net, special rules apply to the goalkeeper that practise non apply to other players. These rules are oftentimes instituted to protect the goalkeeper (being a target for unsafe or even vehement actions). This is most apparent in sports such as ice hockey and lacrosse, where goalkeepers are required to clothing special equipment like heavy pads and a confront mask to protect their bodies from the impact of the playing object (due east.g. brawl or puck.)

In some sports, goalkeepers may take the aforementioned rights as other players; in association football, for example, the keeper is allowed to kick the brawl just equally any other player, just may also apply their hands to handle the ball in a restricted area. In other sports, goalkeepers may exist express in the actions they are allowed to have or the area of the field or rink where they may exist; in the NHL, for case, goalkeepers may non play the puck in the restricted areas backside the cyberspace or have the puck across the cherry-red line.

Examples [edit]

Association football [edit]

Youth-football game goalkeeper

In football game, each squad's goalkeeper defends their squad'southward goal and has special privileges inside the game. The goalkeeper's main job is to end any penetration of the ball into the goal. The goalkeeper is the only actor in the side who may utilise his or her easily and artillery to catch, throw and save the ball, merely only within their ain penalty expanse. Goalkeepers are required to wear a distinctive colour jersey, separate from the referee'southward jersey color and either team's regular jersey color, then the referee can easily identify them. There are no other specific requirements, but goalkeepers are usually allowed to wear additional protective gear such as padded clothing. Most goalkeepers also wear gloves to protect their hands and enhance their grip of the ball. Like every actor on the pitch, they are required to clothing shin guards.

The goalkeeper is allowed to catch the ball, and is too allowed to dial or deflect the ball away from the goal. The goalkeeper generally has a pregnant reward on a brawl high in the air by raising their arms and play the ball before an attacker can endeavor a header. When the keeper picks up the brawl, they are allowed to kick information technology or throw information technology, or to place it on the ground and play it with the feet. The official Laws of the Game stipulate that one time the goalkeeper must redistribute the brawl within six seconds afterwards picking up the ball; however, referees often use their discretion as long equally the goalkeeper is non obviously attempting to waste time. Once the keeper establishes possession of the ball, opposing players are not immune to attempt to play the ball and must give the goalkeeper room to attempt a kicking.^{[ citation needed ]} Referees ordinarily requite advantage to the an unprotected goalkeeper if a ball is in the air and both the goalkeeper and a field player of the opposing team are challenging for the ball.

The decease of Sunderland A.F.C. goalkeeper Jimmy Thorpe shaped the evolution of the dominion by which players were no longer allowed to raise their foot to a goalkeeper with control of the ball in their arms.^[1] Despite winning the league that flavour, Sunderland'south season was marked with tragedy after the young goalkeeper died every bit a outcome of a kicking in the head and breast after he had picked up the ball following a backpass in a game confronting Chelsea at Roker Park. He continued to accept part until the match finished, just collapsed at dwelling later and died in hospital four days later from diabetes mellitus and heart failure 'accelerated past the rough usage of the opposing team'.^[two]

Though the goalkeeper is by and large allowed to use their easily in the penalty box surface area, they are not allowed to use their hands on balls that have been intentionally kicked to them by a teammate (it does non have to go backwards). In such situations, the goalkeeper may play the ball with their feet, but cannot option the ball up. The dominion applies just to a brawl which is kicked. A ball which is headed or otherwise not kicked may be picked up by the goalkeeper without penalisation. An infringement of this rule results in an indirect kick to the opposing team. The referee has some discretion in making this call. For instance, a ball which is merely deflected past a teammate may all the same be picked upwards by the goalkeeper. The "back-pass" rule has been followed in international football game and in most professional and amateur leagues since the early 1990s, just leagues for younger players may cull not to enforce the rule. The back pass rule is listed in Police force 12 of the Laws of the Game.

As the goalkeeper is usually the team's only player who tin can run into the entire field, they often act as the organizer of the team when it is defending, such as on a free kick or a corner kick. This means the goalkeeper needs to be loud, with a voice that can projection over the defensive area of the pitch. In turn, the players on their team need to be able to listen and respond to directions chosen to them.

Swap [edit]

In bandy, the goalkeeper defends his team'southward goal and has special privileges within the game, which is regulated in section 6 of the Bandy Playing Rules set up by the Federation of International Swap^[iii] The goalkeeper's main task is to cease whatsoever penetration of the brawl into the goal. He is allowed to hold the ball for six seconds before he has to release information technology. He may drop it to a defender or chuck it directly into attack.

If the ball passes the goal line, it is followed past different deportment:

• If the brawl is terminal touched past a defender, the reaction is an own goal if the ball goes betwixt the goalposts.
• If it passes outside the goalposts, the reaction is a corner stroke.
• If terminal touched by an attacker's stick, and passes between the posts, the reaction is a goal, or
• a disallowed goal (offside or an infringement from the attacking team).
• If the brawl passes from an aggressor over the goal line outside the goalposts, the goalkeeper may retrieve a new ball from a cage hanging on the goal'southward either side, and put the new ball in play with no indicate from the referees.

The goalkeeper is the only player who may use his or her hands to play the ball (although only within their own penalization surface area). Co-ordinate to Rule 6.1 the goalkeeper is required to wear a bailiwick of jersey with a dissimilar color from either team'south jersey colour to avoid defoliation for the referee. Goalkeepers wear padded gloves to aid in catching the brawl, large shinpads, a padded sweater, and a helmet with a face up mask.^[3]

He is the only player in the squad who tin can laissez passer the ball to a teammate by assist of his skates. The team might have a reserve goalkeeper, and the two may switch at any time during the game, without the need to notify the referee. There is no time-out in bandy, only an exception is sometimes fabricated when the goalkeeper is injure, especially if they don't have a designated reserve keeper.

As the goalkeeper is commonly the squad's but player who can encounter the entire field, they often act every bit an organizer of the squad when it is defending, especially for free strokes against them.

Field hockey [edit]

A field hockey goalkeeper

In field hockey, the goalkeeper generally wears extensive protective equipment including helmet, face and neck guards, breast and leg padding, arm or elbow protectors, special gloves (the left glove is designed purely to block the ball, the right glove too has this function merely in add-on is designed to permit the goalkeeper to hold and use his or her stick), lower leg guards (known equally pads) and shoe covers (known every bit kickers). The gloves, pads and kickers are about always fabricated of special high density cream material that both protects the goalkeeper and has splendid rebound qualities. The goalkeeper is also equipped with a stick; either one designed for goalies or i as used for normal play. Specialist goalkeeper sticks must adjust to the same dimensional limitations as field players' sticks but are designed for optimal employ with one hand and for blocking rather than hitting the ball. From 2007 teams may elect to play with 11 field players, and no-one has the privileges of a goalkeeper. If a goalkeeper is used, they fall into one of two categories: a fully equipped goalkeeper must wear a helmet, unless they are nominated to accept a penalty stroke against the opposing goalkeeper, wear a dissimilar colored shirt and at least human foot and leg guards (arm and upper-torso protection is optional); or they may opt to wearable only a helmet. The goalkeeper is allowed to use any part of their body to play or deflect the ball, although they tin't obstruct its play (for example by lying on top of it), and they can only exercise so inside the goal circle (or "D"). Outside the D they are subject to the same rules as field players and may only use their stick to play the ball. Goalkeepers who are wearing a helmet are not permitted to pass their squad's 23 thou line, with the exception of goalkeepers who take penalty strokes. However a goalkeeper who has elected to wear simply a helmet is permitted to remove information technology and provided it is non left on the field of play, they may take part in the game in any part of the pitch, and retain their goalkeeping privileges, fifty-fifty if they practise not have fourth dimension to replace the helmet before making a relieve. Information technology is compulsory to wear a helmet when defending a penalisation stroke or penalization corner.^{[4] [5]}

Floorball [edit]

In floorball, the goalkeeper defends his team'southward goal and has special privileges inside the game. He is the simply histrion who may employ his hands to play the ball. Goalkeepers do non have sticks, and they move in the goal crease on their knees, attempting to save the shots on goal. When the goalkeeper has possession of the brawl, he has three seconds to throw information technology dorsum into the game. He may not control the ball outside of his crease, except when kicking it. Goalkeepers are an essential function of starting plays, as they can throw the ball for a quick offensive chance. When throwing, the ball has to touch the goalkeeper's own side first earlier crossing the center line. Goalkeepers are also important in organizing their team'due south games, every bit they meet the whole field better. Any contact against the goalkeeper (slashing, interference etc.) will event in a complimentary shot or a 2-minute penalization. Similar in ice hockey, the goalkeeper may be substituted for an extra assaulter, if a delayed penalization occurs, or if his team needs a goal to necktie the game in the final moments of the game. Goalkeepers may score goals, although this is non the instance in some leagues. In floorball games, more goals are oftentimes scored than in, for example, ice hockey, because of the extremely quick tempo of the game and fast shots.

The merely mandatory equipment for goalkeepers are masks, goalie-shirts, goalie-pants and shoes. Nigh goalkeepers likewise wear gloves. They may also optionally vesture other protective equipment, such as knee joint pads, elbow-guards, shin-guards, jocks and body armor. In some inferior/contained leagues, many goalkeepers don't even wear goalie-shirts, just hooded tops.

Gaelic football [edit]

In Gaelic football game, the goalie's chief job is to forestall a goal from being scored against his side by direct defending the squad's goal. A goal occurs when the ball passes through the goal; the attacking team is awarded 3 points. The goalie is the only histrion who may handle the ball on the ground, and only inside the pocket-sized rectangle.

Gridiron football [edit]

The term "goal-tend" was used in early on descriptions of American football positions to describe the defensive position farthest back from the line of scrimmage. Eventually the term became obsolete and was replaced past the term defensive fullback, and then to its modern term costless safety (or punt returner in kicking situations). Unlike in soccer or Gaelic football, the goal-tend/safety does not physically protect the goalposts, as they are elevated to a higher place the footing and mostly out of the achieve of whatsoever player (the National Football League also explicitly outlawed goaltending in 1985; no such rule exists in other levels of the game). Also unlike other codes of football, goal-tends have no special ball-treatment privileges.

Ane situation in which a goalkeeper-like responsibility tin arise is in Canadian football, where a single point is awarded for a kicked brawl that is non returned out of the finish zone. While standard practice is for defending teams to concede the single point, situations often ascend where conceding that point could jeopardize a lead. A goal-tend tin thus be employed to recover the ball and either return it out of the terminate zone or, generally if it is in the closing seconds of a game, punt the ball dorsum into play or out of bounds to ensure the point is non conceded.

Handball [edit]

In handball, the goalkeeper is the but player in the squad who is allowed to stay in the 6-meter zone throughout the whole competition. A goalkeeper is immune to salve the ball with all parts of his body, including ii hands, trunks, 2 legs and and then on, merely inside the defending 6-meter zone.

Whenever the ball is left on the footing within the 6-meter zone, the goalkeeper owns the possession of the ball; while whenever the ball is in the air above the 6-meter zone, the opponent can still jump in to grasp the ball without stepping in the 6-meter zone.

A goalkeeper tin can participate in offense past long-passing the ball to a teammate in the opposing half court for a fast-break score.

Common handball goalkeeper vesture:

• Long-sleeve jersey
• Long trousers
• Any body protection (such as base layer or protective cup)

Hurling [edit]

In hurling, the goalkeeper's main job is to prevent a goal from existence scored against his side by directly defending the team'due south goal. He also takes "puckouts" after a score or wide ball. A goal occurs when the ball passes through the goal; the attacking team is awarded three points. The goalkeeper has one special rule pertaining to him, opposing players may not directly physically challenge him while he is in possession of the brawl in the pocket-size parallelogram, although they may harass him, while if he leaves the small parallelogram he is subject to the same rules as all other players. He wears a different color jersey, e.g., if a team has blue jerseys with white font, the goalkeeper volition wear a white jersey of the same design with blue font. Virtually goalkeepers use a special hurley with a wider bas (flat face) to aid shot-stopping.

Ice hockey [edit]

An ice hockey goalkeeper or "goalie"

In ice hockey, goalkeepers are more commonly referred to every bit "goaltenders" or simply "goalies". They defend their team's goal zone (internet) past stopping shots of the puck from entering the net, thus preventing the opposing squad from scoring. The goaltender usually plays in or nigh the expanse in front of the net called the goal pucker (often referred to simply as the pucker or the net). Because of the power of shots, the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact. As is true with almost other sports, only 1 goaltender is immune to be on the playing area for each squad at any one time.

International rules football [edit]

In International rules football, a hybrid game between Australian rules football (which does not have a goalkeeper) and Gaelic football, the goalkeeper's main task is to forbid a goal from being scored. A goal occurs when the ball comes off whatever office of an attacking histrion and passes through the goal; the attacking team is awarded vi points.

Lacrosse [edit]

Box lacrosse [edit]

Since the cosmos of indoor or box lacrosse in the 1930s, a unique class of lacrosse goaltender was formed for the dissimilar dynamics of lacrosse on an ice-less ice hockey pad.

Field lacrosse [edit]

In men's field lacrosse, the designated goalkeeper is allowed to take a stick from 40inches to 72inches long and the head of a goalkeeper's crosse may mensurate up to 12inches broad. This is significantly larger than field players' heads to help in blocking shots. In one case a goalkeeper makes a save and has control of the brawl in his crosse (stick), he may only remain in possession of the ball inside the protective pucker for four seconds (the length may depend on the level of play). Before the 4 seconds is up, the goalkeeper must either pass the ball or get out the crease. After leaving, he may not re-enter the crease with possession of the ball.

While inside the pucker (nine feet in radius), offensive players may non make contact with the goalie or his stick. Doing so is alleged "goalie interference" and is penalized by a free clear to the one-half field line. (There is a meaning divergence between NCAA/MLL rules and international rules regarding a pass while the goalkeeper is inside the crease: under NCAA/MLL rules, contact with a goalie'due south stick while in the act of passing, even after the ball is released, is prohibited and considered interference. Under international rules, protection ends when possession ends. Therefore, contact with a goalie'south stick after the ball is released, is legal.) In addition, a goalie is immune to make contact with the ball with his hand, although he is not immune to control it or pick it up.

In women's lacrosse, once a goalkeeper makes a relieve and has control of the brawl in her crosse, she may remain in possession of the ball inside the crease for ten seconds. The interference rule is similar to men's lacrosse; unlike in the men's game, a woman goalkeeper is allowed to control or even selection upwards the brawl in her hand.

In both men's and women's lacrosse, goalkeepers are required to wear a helmet and four-point chinstrap, a throat protector, gloves, and a chest protector. Use of a protective loving cup is, for obvious reasons, required in the men'due south game; thigh pads and shinguards are also being required for women goalkeepers equally of 2007. Although they are permitted to, few goalkeepers elect to wear optional protective equipment, including elbow and shoulder pads, thigh pads and shin guards, and long sweat pants.

Netball [edit]

In netball, the Goal Keeper (denoted GK) must stay within the defensive third of the court. A goal keeper is one of four positions allowed within the shooting circle (along with the Goal Defence force, Goal Attack and Goal Shooter). The Goal Keeper often matches up against the opposing side's Goal Shooter.

Water polo [edit]

Goalie eggbeatering (also known equally water-jumping or froggy-kicking) upward to block a shot.

Goalkeepers in water polo are granted some special privileges when inside the five meter surface area:

• The ability to affect the ball with two hands.
• The ability to stand (that is, if he can. Almost Water polo pools are at least two meters deep)
• The ability to dial the ball with a clenched fist

However, they have one limitation that field players do not have: they may not cross the half-distance line.

Rule change in 2006:

The four and seven meter lines were merged to a v-meter line. A goalie may now nether revised rules:

• Go beyond the 5m line co-ordinate to the field rules (one hand) and not pass the half line.
• Use two hands

New cap rules:

• A goalie cap must now exist in quarters alternate cerise/dark for home and reddish/white for abroad
• The goalie must be number 1, 13, or 15
• For females: a red swim cap must exist worn under the goalie cap, a team'due south dark swim cap is no longer acceptable as information technology is hard to distinguish a goalie from field players if official cap is off.

These revisions are according to the NFHS 2006-2007 swimming/diving and water polo rulebook. USWP and NCAA rules may vary slightly.

The water polo goalkeeper is the least protected goalkeeper with no gloves or trunk protection.

Goalkeepers on coins and postage stamps [edit]

Goalkeepers are regarded as one of the hardest positions to play therefore they can accept a huge touch on on a countries culture. Goalkeepers have been used on some collectors' coins and medals such equally the Austrian 5 euro 100 years of football coin that was minted on 12 May 2004. The coin depicts a successful shot past a footballer, shown in the groundwork, with the ball just passing the goalkeeper (withal in the air) into the goal.

References [edit]

• FINA water polo rules

1. ^ Inverdale, John. "On the run with dogs and a long-dead goalkeeper". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Retrieved v July 2020.
2. ^ "Goalkeeper's Decease". The Times. 14 February 1936.
3. ^ ^{a b} "Bandy Playing Rules" (PDF). Federation of International Bandy. 1 September 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on eleven May 2013. Retrieved 26 Apr 2014.
4. ^ Hockey Rules Lath (2007). Rules of Hockey 2007ââ'¬â€œ2008 (PDF). International Hockey Federation (FIH). Rules: Dominion four, Players' clothing and equipment, paras 4.3–4.4, page 15, Rule x, Conduct of play : goalkeepers, all paras, page 24. Retrieved 2009-01-14 .
5. ^ FIH Umpiring Committee (Jan 2008). "2008 FIH Outdoor Umpires Briefing" (PDF). FIH website. FIH. pp. 11–13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-12-02. Retrieved 2008-01-14 .

External links [edit]

• Serious Goalkeeping
• Goalkeeper Website
• Football Goalkeeper warm up routine
• Goalkeepers are different
• Goalkeeping Museum
• Goalkeeper Grooming Website

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goalkeeper

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